"Our animals shepherd us through certain eras of ourlives. When we are ready to turn the corner and make it on our own...they let us go." Anonymous Transitional Cell Carcinoma

• Cancer Res 2002 Jan 15;62(2):356-8
  Effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam, on tumor response, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in a canine model of human invasive urinary bladder cancer. Mohammed SI, Bennett PF, Craig BA, Glickman NW, Mutsaers AJ, Snyder PW, Widmer WR, DeGortari AE, Bonney PL, Knapp DW.
  Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. The mechanisms by which cyclooxygenase inhibitors exert antitumor effects are not completely defined but are postulated to involve antiangiogenic effects and induction of apoptosis. In this study, we determined the effects of the cox inhibitor, piroxicam, on tumor response, apoptotic index, proliferative index, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, prostaglandin E(2) concentration, tumor microvessel density, and urine basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in pet dogs with naturally occurring invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Piroxicam caused reduction in tumor volume in 12 of 18 dogs, and this was strongly associated with induction of apoptosis (Fisher's exact test P < 0.015) and reduction in urine basic fibroblast growth factor concentration.
• Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids
  2001 Jan;64(1):1-4
  Prostaglandin E2 concentrations in naturally occurring canine cancer.
  Mohammed SI, Coffman K, Glickman NW, Hayek MG, Waters DJ, Schlittler D, DeNicola DB, Knapp DW. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1248, USA.
  The purpose of this study was to determine the PGE2 concentration in naturally-occurring cancer in pet dogs and in canine cancer cell lines in order to identify specific types of canine cancer with high PGE2 production which could serve as preclinical models to evaluate anticancer strategies targeting PGE2. PGE2 concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay in canine melanoma, soft tissue sarcoma, transitional cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and prostatic carcinoma cell lines; in 80 canine tumor tissue samples including oral melanoma (MEL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC), lymphoma (LSA), mammary carcinoma (MCA), osteosarcoma (OSA), prostatic carcinoma (PCA); and in corresponding normal organ tissues. High concentrations of PGE(2)(range 400-3300 pg/10(4)cells) were present in cell culture medium from the transitional cell carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, and osteosarcoma cell lines. PGE2 concentrations in tumor tissues were elevated (tumor PGE2 concentration>mean+2X sd PGE(2)concentration of normal organ tissue) in 21/22 TCC, 5/6 PCA, 7/10 SCC, 5/10 MEL, 3/8 MCA, 4/15 OSA, and 0/9 LSA. Results of this study will help guide future investigations of anticancer therapies that target cyclooxygenase and PGE2. Copyright 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
• Prognostic factors in dogs with urinary bladder carcinoma.
  J Vet Intern Med 2000 Sep-Oct;14(5):486-90
  Donaldson-Atwood Cancer Clinic, The Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Rochatim@aol.com
  Medical records and biopsy specimens were retrospectively reviewed from 25 dogs diagnosed with unresectable urinary bladder carcinoma and treated with chemotherapy. Our intention was to identify clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical indicators of prognosis. Immunohistochemical stains for P-glycoprotein, glutathione-S-transferase pi, and factor VIII-related antigen were applied to archived tissue. There were more spayed female dogs than castrated male dogs (76% versus 24%). Transitional cell carcinoma was the most common tumor (88%, n = 22), followed by undifferentiated carcinoma (8%, n = 2) and squamous cell carcinoma (4%, n = 1). Overall median survival was 251 days. Histologic diagnosis and immunohistochemical characteristics did not correlate with prognosis. Spayed females survived significantly longer than castrated males (358 days versus 145 days, P = .042). Dogs that received either doxorubicin or mitoxantrone in addition to a platinum-based chemotherapeutic (either cisplatin or carboplatin) lived significantly longer than those that received only a platinum compound (358 days versus 132 days, P = .042).
• Cisplatin versus cisplatin combined with piroxicam in a canine model of human invasive urinary bladder cancer.
  Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2000;46(3):221-6
  Knapp DW, Glickman NW, Widmer WR, DeNicola DB, Adams LG, Kuczek T, Bonney PL, DeGortari AE, Han C, Glickman LT.
  Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1248, USA. knappdw@vet.purdue.edu
  PURPOSE: More than 12,000 people are expected to die from invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder each year in the United States, indicating that more effective therapy is needed. Drugs inhibiting cyclooxygenase (cox) have recently been found to have chemopreventive and antitumor activity and may potentiate the effects of chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cisplatin combined with the cox-inhibitor piroxicam would induce remission more frequently than cisplatin alone in a relevant animal model of human invasive TCC. METHODS: Pet dogs with naturally occurring, histopathologically confirmed, measurable TCC of the urinary bladder were randomized to receive cisplatin (60 mg/m2 i.v. every 21 days) or cisplatin (same dosage) combined with piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg orally every 24 h). Complete staging was performed prior to and at 6-week intervals during therapy. RESULTS: After eight dogs had been evaluated in each treatment group, a significant difference in remission rate was noted (Fisher's Exact test, P < 0.004). Tumor responses in the cisplatin/piroxicam group included two complete remissions (CR), four partial remissions (PR), two stable disease (SD), and no progressive disease (PD). Tumor responses to cisplatin alone in eight dogs were no CR, no PR, four SD, and four PD. Six additional dogs were treated with cisplatin/piroxicam, and in total 10 of 14 dogs had remission (two CR, eight PR). Renal toxicity of cisplatin/ piroxicam was frequent and dose limiting. CONCLUSIONS: Cisplatin/piroxicam induced remission more frequently than cisplatin alone in a canine model of human invasive TCC. Strategies to reduce renal toxicity need to be developed prior to evaluation of cisplatin/piroxicam in humans or general use of this treatment in pet dogs.
• Primary renal tumours in cats: 19 cases (1992-1998)
  C J Henry, S E Turnquist, A Smith, J C Graham, D H Thamm, M O'Brien, C A Clifford
  Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery 1, 3, September 1999 165-170
  A search from databases of four veterinary colleges and one private referral practice between January 1992 and April 1998 provided 20 cases diagnosed with primary renal neoplasia. Review of these cases revealed 19 primary renal tumours, excluding lymphoma. Of the 20 histologically reviewed cases, the diagnosis was amended in eight. There were 13 renal carcinomas (11 tubular and two tubulopapillary), three transitional cell carcinomas, one malignant nephroblastoma, one haemangiosarcoma and one adenoma. The haemangiosarcoma is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of this tumour type as a primary renal tumour in the cat. Most cats were presented for non-specific clinical signs such as anorexia and weight loss. One cat presented with tumour-associated polycythaemia which has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously. The metastatic rate for cats with complete staging was 64%, and 100% for transitional cell carcinomas.
• article on bladdcancer-
  by Rob Hilsenroth, DVM
  "Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common tumor of the urinary tract in dogs, and tends to occur in older dogs, most often female, and more frequently in certain breeds such as Scotties and Shelties....Cancer of the lining cells, called transitional cell carcinoma, is the most common type of tumor of the urinary bladder in the dog. Transitional cell carcinomas are most often malignant tumors that can spread to others areas of the body, but also cause serious problems before they spread."
• purdue oncology bladder cancer=summer 2001
  "Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common tumor in the canine urinary bladder and comprises 1-2% of all cancers in dogs. Scottish terriers, Shetland sheep dogs and Beagles, especially females, have been shown to have the greatest risk and studies are ongoing to answer the question, "WHY?"..... Our group has recently pioneered a novel approach to treating bladder cancer aimed at inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme"
• general writeup y Elizabeth A. Kergosien, DVM
  ""Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common bladder tumor in dogs and cats comprising over 75% of all bladder tumors. The average age for dogs and cats diagnosed with bladder tumors is 9 years"The treatment of choice for TCC is surgery with wide resection of the mass. Because most are located at the trigone, complete excision is rarely possible. Wide resection provides an average survival of 1 year, while partial resection provides only 4 months due to widespread metastasis. "

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Alternative Supplements

Olive Leaf extract-natural antibiotic

Cornsilk-soothing to the urinary tract

cranberry capsules-used for urinary infections-supposedly helps prevent the bacteria from sticking to the walls

Uva ursi leaves;

Hydrangea root-supposedly helps with stones

Parsley herb -natural diruetic

Dandelion root-called poor man's Lasix-natural direutic

Siberian Ginseng root

Schizandra fruit-also anti viral properties Dong quai root

Horsetail herb

Hops flowers

marshmellow

cleaver's herb

Uricare-description by himalaya usa
Shilapushpa (Didymocarpus pedicellata)-regulates calcium absorption Pasanavheda (Saxifraga ligulata)-maintains crystalloid-colloid balance Rough Chaff Tree (Achyranthes aspera)-regulates urine output Indian Madder (Rubia cordifolia)-urine output regulator Umbrella’s Edge (Cyperus scariosus)-maintains genitourinary health Sedge (Onosma bracteatum)-regulates urine output
Joanne at vitamin-resource.com sells it at discount

Homeopathy

Cantharis

Apis

Causticum

there are also premade formulas

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wee pads for pees mylanusa-inexpensive
http://www.sleepeetime.com/original.htmbed for doggy with urinary problems